Advocate (Dr.) Prashant Mali's Blog

What’s a Fraud according to Law in India Landmark Judgment of supreme court on Fraud By "fraud" is meant an intention to deceive; whether it is from any expectation of advantage to the party himself or from ill will towards the other is immaterial. The expression "fraud" involves two elements, deceit and injury to the person deceived. Injury is something other than economic loss, that is, deprivation of property, whether movable or immovable or of money and it will include any harm whatever caused to any person in body, mind, reputation or such others. In short, it is a non-economic or non-pecuniary loss. A benefit or advantage to the deceiver, will almost always cause loss or detriment to the deceived. Even in those rare cases where there is a benefit or advantage to the deceiver, but no corresponding loss to the deceived, the second condition is satisfied.  A "fraud" is an act of deliberate deception with the design of securing something by tak

Courts in India {kinds & hierarchy of courts in brief} "But there is one human institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man the equal of an Einstein, and the ignorant man the equal of any college president. That institution, gentlemen, is a COURT.”             -Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird. The judiciary in India have wide and immense scope and role in the Justice administration system.Though the constitution of India provides the federal structure in political administration i.e the center and state as a political unit but in respect to the judiciary or the court system the judiciary in India is uniform and in pyramidical or hierarchical manner to administer both Union and State laws. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in the highest/top level and the court of Munsif/Civil Judge Junior Division in the lowest/bottom level. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of appeal and have been entrusted with the widest jurisdiction. The